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(詳細はastronaut candidates since Group 7 in August 1969. Due to the long delay between the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972 and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, few astronauts from the older groups stayed with NASA. Thus in January 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts, including NASA's first female astronauts, was selected. Since then, a new group of candidates has been selected roughly every two years. In Astronaut Group 8, two different astronaut groups were formed: pilots and mission specialists. (With shuttle classes, NASA stopped sending non-pilots for one year of UPT.) Of the 35 selected, six were women, three were male African Americans, and one was a male Asian American. ==Special achievements== Within this group a sizable number of American spaceflight firsts were achieved: *First American woman in space: Sally Ride (June 18, 1983, STS-7) *First African-American in space: Guion Bluford (August 30, 1983, STS-8) *First Jewish-American in space: Judith Resnik (August 30, 1984, STS-41-D) *First American woman to perform an EVA: Kathryn Sullivan (October 11, 1984, STS-41-G) *First mother in space: Anna Fisher (November 8, 1984, STS-51-A) *First Asian-American in space: Ellison Onizuka (January 24, 1985, STS-51-C) *First African-American to pilot and command a mission: Frederick Gregory (April 29, 1985, STS-51-B; November 23, 1989, STS-33) *First American to launch on a Russian rocket: Norman Thagard (March 14, 1995, Soyuz TM-21) *First American woman to make a long-duration spaceflight: Shannon Lucid (March to September 1996, Mir NASA-1) *First American active duty astronauts to marry: Robert Gibson and Rhea Seddon *First mother to be hired as an astronaut: Shannon Lucid *First Army astronaut: Bob Stewart (The previous seven groups had only Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps officers and civilians, with the West Point graduates having accepted commissions in the Air Force.) Of this group, Scobee, Resnik, Onizuka, and McNair would perish in the ''Challenger'' accident. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NASA Astronaut Group 8」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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